Output format selection is done
with options; each format selection option consists
(optionally) of a format selector and a base selector.
The format selectors are as follows;
if no format selector is present,
the base selector is applied to all available format selectors:
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-b |
Separates the input in bytes;
each byte is printed as a numerical value.
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-c |
Separates the input in bytes;
each byte that is also a printable character
is printed as such,
certain characters are printed as C language escapes,
others as a numerical value.
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-w |
Separates the input in 16-bit words;
each word is printed as a numerical value.
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-l |
Separates the input in 32-bit long words;
each word is printed as a numerical value.
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The following base selectors are accepted;
if the base selector is omitted,
all base selectors are applied to the chosen format selectors:
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-o |
Selects octal output.
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-d |
Selects unsigned decimal output.
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-x |
Selects hexadecimal output.
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The format of the addresses at the left
can also be selected by using the
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-a |
option followed by one of the base selectors;
only one base selector is applied.
The default address base is hexadecimal.
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The following options also affect the output format:
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-A |
Causes bytes that are printable characters to be displayed
as such at the right; nonprintable bytes are printed as '.'.
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-t |
Text file format; overrides all other format options except
-a. Each line of the input is preceded by its address;
printable characters are displayed as such,
except for '\', '^', and '~', which are prefixed by a '\' character.
ASCII control characters are prefixed by '^'.
Bytes with the highest bit set that do not form a printable character
are indicated by '~',
followed by the corresponding ASCII character as above.
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-v |
Unless
-t is used,
a set of immediately following indentical 16-byte sets
is abbreviated by printing '*' for the second and further ones.
This option inhibits this behavior
and causes all lines to be displayed.
This option is an extension.
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If no output selection is present, the default is
-bxA. |
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The following options affect the handling of input files:
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-s offset
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Selects a starting offset within each file.
Offset is interpreted as a decimal value
unless prefixed by
0, which causes interpretation as an octal value,
or
0x, which causes interpretation as a hexadecimal value.
The suffixes
w, l, b, and
k cause multiplication by
2 ('words'),
4 ('long words'),
512 ('blocks'),
or
1024 ('kilobytes'),
respectively.
Value and suffix may be separated by a '*' character
to suppress interpretation of 'b' as a hexadecimal digit.
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-n count
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Causes only
count characters of the file to be displayed;
count is handled as the
offset for
-s described above.
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